In this regard, several studies demonstrated that pharmacological treatments, including the use of synthetic drugs and natural compounds, such as TNF-α antagonist52, angiotensin II receptor blocker53, non-selective β-blocker54 or anti-RANKL antibodies55, resulted in reduced levels of TNF-α, NF-κB and RANKL, thereby, resolving experimental periodontitis in vivo. Here, TNF is linked to periodontitis.