Although the adjusted P value was not statistically significant, it is noteworthy that the top-ranked term for the brain–testis connection was “endocrine and other factor-regulated calcium reabsorption” (unadjusted P value = 1.66 × 10−3; adjusted P value = 0.26) annotated to four genes including GNAQ, which has been implicated to tumor formation in neuronal tissues52,53. This evidence concerns the gene GNAQ and neoplasm.