In the context of asthma, TGF-β acts as a pro-fibrotic immunomodulatory cytokine produced by multiple cell types including macrophages, epithelial cells and fibroblasts leading to airway remodeling and inflammation (Halwani et al. 2011; Al-Alawi et al. 2014; Chen et al. 2016). Here, TGFB1 is linked to asthma.