PARP1 and brain injury: For example, in a model of brain trauma, the PARP inhibitor PJ34 significantly improved the effectiveness of neural stem cell transplantation and promoted rapid functional recovery PARP1 trapping at the regulatory elements of genes that drive cell pluripotency and self-renewal potential as well as inhibition of ADP-ribosylation may maintain features of monocyte and macrophage precursors and limit the number of differentiated cells, thereby providing another approach to interfere with immune responses.