HIF1A and Hyperglycemia: In Figure 7, to further study the TGF-β-related pathway involvement with high glucose concentration, we first cultured RGCs in different glucose concentrations medium for at least 3 weeks to establish long-term hyperglycemia status, further treated them with recombinant TGF-β1 protein (5 ng/mL), and detected changes in the protein expression of Nrf2, Keap1, HIF-1α, ALDH3A1, and HO-1.