Ran-binding protein 2 mutation will cause a familial form of acute necrotizing encephalopathy, a neurological disorder [48], and Ran-binding protein 9 will have large accumulation in the brains of patients with Alzheimer disease; it is thought to be the generation of the toxic neuropeptide amyloid beta and enhance mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis [49,50]. Here, RANBP9 is linked to early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.