The first one, the control arm, received treatment with a non-intensive regimen composed of cytarabine, aclarubicin and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) to induce remission; in the second arm, the investigational arm, AML patients were also given thalidomide, at a maximum dose of 200 mg/day. Here, CSF3 is linked to acute myeloid leukemia.