S100A8 and gastritis: Because of this enhanced inflammation, immunogenicity and cytotoxicity, CagA positive H. pylori strains are associated with a significantly increased risk of chronic atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia (OR, 3.48; 95% CI, 1.02 to 12.18); and progression to gastric cancer (OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.21 to 2.24) [6].