VEGFA and glioblastoma: The production of the immunosuppressive enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) as well as of VEGF itself and the expression of co-inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules such as PD-1/PDL-1 are immune mechanisms fostering the immunosuppressive milieu, dampening the T-cell response and thus negatively affecting the outcomes of GBM patients [9,13,14].