Assessment of immune checkpoint gene expression showed that most checkpoint genes are significantly downmodulated in “EGFR Wild Type/Low PD-L1 expression” NSCLC (Figure 2C), including CD274 (CD274 molecule; also known as PD-L1), HAVCR2 (Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2; also known as TIM3), PDCD1 (Programmed Cell Death 1; also known as PD1), and PDCD1LG2 (Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2). The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.