To characterize the immune cell profile of EGFR wild type lung cancer samples with low PD-L1 expression, we analyzed the expression of 6 immune cells: B cell, CD4+ T cell, CD8+ T cell, neutrophils, macrophage and dendritic cells, using TIMER and found all immune cell types to be significantly lower in “low PD-L1 expression” NSCLC relative to controls (Figure 2A), suggesting immunosuppression in double-negative NSCLC. Here, CD8A is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.