Recently, Yiao Jin et al. (2018) showed that 5-ALA-PDT was able to efficiently induce cervical cancer tumor destruction by reducing miR-34a and by increasing high-mobility group B-1 protein (HMGB1) (a nuclear protein that is excreted by damaged cells and binds to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4, which is predominantly expressed on macrophages and DCs) to activate T cell-mediated immune responses [133]. Here, TLR4 is linked to neoplasm.