They support cancer development, growth, metastasis and resistance to chemo- or checkpoint inhibitor therapy by a multitude of mechanisms, including ECM remodeling, angiogenesis, active immunosuppression and secretion of tumor promoting cytokines, chemokines and growth factors such as EGF, HGF, CCL2, TGFβ1 and VEGF. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is cancer.