Amiodarone can increase the plasma concentration of dabigatran by 12% to 60% according to the 2018 European Heart Rhythm Association Practical Guide on the use of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in patients with AF.[15] However, mutations in ABCB1 and CES1 alleles may affect dabigatran plasma concentration resulting in failure of dabigatran anticoagulation. Here, CES1 is linked to atrial fibrillation.