First, the covalent chemistry-mediated EV capture/release is built upon the combined use of click chemistry34-mediated EV capture and disulfide cleavage35-driven EV release in conjunction with an optimized multimarker cocktail targeting three HCC-associated surface markers31, including EpCAM, ASGPR1, and CD147. The gene discussed is BSG; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.