NLRP3 and infection: Upon knockout of NLRP3, DPI did not alter the IL-1β secretion of N. caninum infected PMs compare to the infection-only PMs (WT: F(3, 8) = 82.94, P < 0.0001; Nlrp3−/−: F(3, 8) = 1.265, P = 0.3500; Fig. 4e).