TGFB1 and prostate cancer: The increased TGF-β levels in advanced prostate cancer induce stromal expansion, fibroblast-myofibroblast transdifferentiation, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), immune suppression, and metastatic spread (Ahel et al., 2019; Assinder et al., 2009; Lee et al., 2000; Wikstrom et al., 1998).