On cell counting of tissue ex vivo, case 1 displayed substantial accumulation of neutrophils in the centre (median 21 MPO+ neutrophils per hpf (IQR; 14–35) and periphery (median 19 MPO+ neutrophils per hpf (IQR; 15–29) of the tumour compared with the background parenchyma (median 5 MPO+ neutrophils per hpf (IQR; 4–11) (figure 1G, H). This evidence concerns the gene MPO and neoplasm.