In specific, CKD patients stages 3–5 followed for 5.2 years showed a strong correlation between the level of IS, IAA, and pCS and various markers of vascular inflammation, such as IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) [52]. The gene discussed is CCL2; the disease is chronic kidney disease.