TLR4 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: While PUFA supplementation is attributed with broad anti-inflammatory effects [128], our data reveal very select influences of ALA in T2D hearts, including a marked repression of Tnf transcript and a trend to reduced Hmgb1, without changes in NF-κB related transcripts, Il1b or Tlr4. Reductions in encoded TNF-α or HMGB1 are predicted to confer protection.