ACTA1 and ischemia: These ischemia/injury-induced multipotent stem cells (iSCs) expressed not only pericytic markers (e.g., PDGFRβ, neural/glial antigen 2 (NG2), and alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA)), but also various stem cell markers (e.g., nestin, c-myc, Klf4, and Sox2).