Notably, fimbrillin A (fimA)-deficient P. gingivalis exhibited reduced abilities of proliferation (S2D Fig), migration, invasion (S2E Fig), and intracellular invasion (S2F Fig) and decreased phosphorylation of Smad2/3 (S2G Fig) compared with wild-type P. gingivalis, indicating that FimA contributed partly to the tumor-promoting role of P. gingivalis through TGFβ/Smad signaling. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and neoplasm.