SESN1 and infection: It is reported that SESN1 activates AMP kinase (AMPK) and inhibits rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1).25–27 The recently published data demonstrated that after cholesterol feeding, SESN1−/− mouse livers had significantly reduced phosphorylated AMPK and unchanged mTORC1, indicating that SESN1 functions to repress cholesterol biosynthesis via activating AMP kinase pathway.24 However, the exact mechanism of how cholesterol biosynthesis of SREBP-2 and SESN1 is associated with induction of inflammation during infections remain elusive.