Over the past few years, several studies using new-generation cell-based assays (CBA) have demonstrated a robust association of immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoantibodies targeting full-length, conformationally intact human myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) with (mostly recurrent) optic neuritis (ON), myelitis, and brainstem encephalitis, as well as with neuromyelitis optica (NMO)-like and acute-disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)-like presentations, rather than with classic multiple sclerosis (MS) [1–13]. The gene discussed is OMG; the disease is neuromyelitis optica.