Significant correlations were found between Gal-3 and IL-1β (Pearson’s correlation: r = 0.799, P = 0.0163) in the peritoneal macrophages from PbANKA-mono-infected mice on day 13 after infection, between Gal-3 and IFNγ (Pearson’s correlation: r = 0.8388, P = 0.0103) in the spleen of T. spiralis + PbANKA-co-infected mice on day 13 after co-infection, and between Gal-1 and Ym1 (Pearson’s correlation: r = 0.7864, P = 0.0185) in the peritoneal macrophages from co-infected mice on day 13 after co-infection (Fig. 6b). Here, IFNG is linked to coinfection.