VAPB and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with associated frontotemporal dementia (ALS/ FTD), TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) was shown to loosen ER–mitochondria contacts by disturbing the link between vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein B (VAPB) at the ER membrane and protein tyrosine phosphatase interacting protein 51 (PTPIP51) at the mitochondrial membrane, two proteins involved in MAMs tethering [161,168].