To further investigate MAIT cell functionality during the progression of type 1 diabetes, PBMCs from 12 children with type 1 diabetes, nine AAb+ children and 18 control children were stimulated either with whole E.coli bacteria (MR1-dependent activation [39]) or with the combination of IL-12 and IL-18 (MR1-independent activation [42]). The gene discussed is MR1; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.