On the other hand, Giovanella et al., in a large series of 447 solid tumors (breast, head and neck, ovary, cervix, and NSCLC), but excluding neuroendocrine, observed that these solid carcinomas ‘‘per se’’ did not increase circulating PCT concentrations (no patient had a PCT concentration > 0.5 ng/mL), regardless of the histotype and stage of the disease [23]. This evidence concerns the gene CALCA and non-small cell lung carcinoma.