Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that liver metastasis (OR 3.24, 95% CI 1.27–8.30, p = 0.0161) and ALT (> 13 IU/L vs ≤ 13 IU/L; OR 2.54, 95% CI 1.08–5.96, p = 0.0294) before ICIs were significantly associated with a higher incidence of liver dysfunction after ICIs (Table 3B). Here, GPT is linked to Decreased liver function.