CP and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: 1995). Numerous studies have shown that CP has multiple bioactivities and could be beneficial in the treatment of diabetes and hyperlipidaemia (Wang et al. 2013; Lin et al. 2016; Li et al. 2018). We previously reported that an ethanol extract of CP (CPE) could prevent high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidaemia and obesity in Sprague-Dawley rats; CPE had an especially positive effect on alleviating fat accumulation in the liver (Yao et al. 2015).