IL10 and necrotizing enterocolitis: In another study, it was reported that rat pups receiving milk substituted with BCFAs (including IPA) showed an increased intestinal expression of the anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 (IL-10) compared with pups receiving no BCFAs and a reduced incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis [29], which is indicative of an anti-inflammatory action of BCFAs in the intestine.