In contrast, STAT1 promoted apoptosis by inducing the expression of CXCL10 and strengthened the antiviral ability through modulating the expression of GBP1. Amongst these two downstream targets, CXCL10 is a ligand for the receptor CXCR3 involved in chemotaxis, induction of apoptosis, and regulation of cell growth associated with a variety of human diseases including Hepatitis C [106] and Endotheliitis [107]. Here, CXCL10 is linked to hepatitis C virus infection.