In most cases, the direction of the association was in line with the direction of the fold change when comparing protein abundance between patients with PCa and BPH, with the exception of aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1 (AKR1B1), carbonic anhydrase 2 (CA2) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACACA). The gene discussed is ACACA; the disease is benign prostatic hyperplasia.