ALCAR reduces PCa cell viability and induces apoptosis; moreover, ALCAR impairs the adhesion, invasion and migration of PC3, DU145, LNCaP, and BPH cells, eliciting a decreasing effect on TNF-α and other proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, CCL2 and CXCL12 [123]. Here, TNF is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.