In fact, M1 macrophages, which are activated by interferon γ or lipopolysaccharide, exhibit anti-tumor properties through the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β and interleukin-6) and inducible factors against pathogens such as the tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and the nitric oxide synthase (INOs). Here, TNF is linked to neoplasm.