The immune cells were stained with (C–D) anti-CD1a and anti-HIV-1 mAbs for DCs, (E–F) anti-CD163 and anti-HIV-1 mAbs for macrophages (G–H), and anti-CD3, anti-CD4, and anti-HIV-1 mAbs for CD4+ T cells and the level of infection was assessed by flow cytometry (N = 11–15). Here, CD163 is linked to infection.