Therefore, caveolin facilitates insulin action which, as a consequence, activates APN through the APN receptor complex AdipoR1 with caveolin-3 (AdipoR1/Cav-3), determining that APN fulfill its anti-ischemia and cardioprotective role through AMPK (adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase), which was significantly higher in the group of wild mice in comparison to the group Cav-3KO.(17,18). Here, INS is linked to ischemia.