Since autophagy appears to be elevated in mesenchymal tumours (discussed above) and it can augment the immunogenicity of dying tumours by enhancing the release of the immunostimulatory signals (including calreticulin, HMGB1 and ATP) [89], it would be interesting to assess the contribution of autophagy activation in glioblastoma tumour cells in response to DC vaccination. This evidence concerns the gene HMGB1 and neoplasm.