MMP17 and astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma): The highly infiltrative astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, and glioblastomas showed strong upregulation of MMP14, -15, and -16, while there was only moderate upregulation of MMP24 and no significant regulation of MMP17. In line with their more circumscribed growth, ependymomas showed increased expression of MMP14 only, while the remaining five MT-MMPs were downregulated as compared to normal brain tissue.