BDNF and glaucoma: AAV2-BDNF injection resulted in a marked, bilateral upregulation of BDNF concentration in the retina (n = 6); on the injected side it was over two-fold higher than in the intact rats (Games–Howell post-hoc test: non-treated retina, p = 0.056; glaucomatous retina, p = 0.046) and three times higher than in the rats with glaucoma, BDNF-untreated (Games–Howell post-hoc test; non-treated retina, p = 0.016; glaucomatous retina, p = 0.019 (Figure 4A).