Moreover, increased STAT5 expression in HCC regulated by GRAM domain-containing 1A (GRAMD1A), a cholesterol transporter, could induce tumour growth, increased CSCs side population, chemoresistance and tumour cell survival by upregulating the expression of cyclin D1, Bcl-2, c-Myc and c-Jun, as well as downregulating caspase 3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) [77]. This evidence concerns the gene JUN and neoplasm.