TNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Additionally, obesity can generate a state of systemic inflammation (due to the high concentration of adipocytokines, such as leptin, resistin, an inhibitor of the activation of the plasminogen, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-6, and angiotensinogen), which, to a certain degree, acts on the lungs, precipitating the initiation of asthma.