PTK2 and lung carcinoma: Apart from that, a previous study of Tsao et al. has reported that PCA treatments at 2–8 μM were able to inhibit the cell growth of lung cancer A549, H3255, and Calu-6 cells in a dose-dependent manner through modulation of FAK, MAPK, and NF-kB pathways, and downregulation of the protein production of growth factors proposed PCA as a good candidate for lung cancer therapeutics [24].