The activation of various pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα and IL-6), receptor (toll-like receptor 4, TLR4) and inflammasome (NLRP3) mediates inflammatory reaction and hepatocyte damage, which contributes to the pathogenesis of NASH [51,52,62] (Table 2). The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.