To demonstrate the specificity of the Fn-mediated downregulation of NEIL2, human colonic EDMs were infected with the commensal E. coli-K12 strain (Figure 1E) or IBD (Inflammatory bowel disease) -associated adherent invasive E. coli (E. coli LF82 isolated from IBD patients) (Figure 1F). This evidence concerns the gene NEIL2 and inflammatory bowel disease.