On the other hand, manipulation of NZM mice, such as deletion of IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1), type 1 IFN receptor A (IFNAR) (11), B cell activating factor (BAFF) (12), or STAT6 (8), that do not develop clinical LN show reduced levels of activated memory T cells at 8–9 months, to levels seen in WT at 5 months when there is no clinical disease. The gene discussed is IRAK1; the disease is lobular neoplasia.