Moreover, since the balance between the unceasing activation of T cells and granuloma in TDLNs may be crucial for inducing the durable regression of cancers, the occurrence, implication, and long-term impacts of granulomas in the TDLNs of cancer patients receiving ICB, including 4-1BB agonists, need to be further investigated. This evidence concerns the gene TNFRSF9 and cancer.