Other pathologies included bicuspid aortic valve (n = 24), Loeys-Dietz syndrome (n = 18), idiopathic aortic dilation (n = 19), transposition of the great arteries repaired by a switch operation (n = 3), aortic valve disease treated by the Ross procedure (n = 28), ACTA2 mutation (n = 3), tetralogy of Fallot (n = 1) and 38 cases not yet reported. This evidence concerns the gene ACTA2 and Loeys-Dietz syndrome.