TRERF1 and cancer: RAPA, as an activator of autophagy, promotes angiogenesis during the recovery of heat-denatured ECs via AMPK/AKT/mTOR signaling [25], but RAPA has showed antiangiogenic activities in cancer linked to a decrease in production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and a markedly inhibited response of ECs to stimulation by VEGF [26].