HLA-DRB1 and adult onset asthma: Among them, 13 of 31 genes have been reported to be significantly associated with asthma-related phenotypes, including age of asthma onset, childhood-onset asthma, adult-onset asthma, diisocyanate-induced asthma, and pleiotropy of asthma and allergic diseases; namely, HLA-DQA1 [15–18, 21, 63], HLA-DRB5 [16, 63], HLA-DRB1 [16, 18, 21], TLR6 [15, 18], MPHOSPH9 [16], JAZF1 [15, 16, 64], TDRKH [16], SMARCE1 [15, 16, 18], RAD50 [16, 18, 63, 65–67], HLA-B [15, 16], POLI [16], SLC22A5 [7, 15, 18, 21], and NDFIP1 [16, 21, 63, 68].