TRPA1 and neurodegenerative disease: The therapeutic effects of the acute ingestion of nectar boluses containing a TRPV1 agonist (capsaicinoids, 150 μM), a dual TRPV1 and TRPA1 agonist (piperine, 150 μM and 1 mM), and a TRPM8 agonist (menthol, 1 and 10 mM) were compared in patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia associated with aging, stroke, or neurodegenerative diseases [48].